{"id":"gp:country/est","url":"https://govpedia.org/country/estonia/","name":"Estonia","officialName":"Republic of Estonia","iso3":"EST","region":"Europe","system":{"value":"Parliamentary republic","status":"sourced","sources":["wiki-government"]},"headOfState":[{"name":"Ülle Madise","title":"President of the Republic","start":"2026-10-12","status":"verified","sources":["president-ee","err-president"]},{"name":"Alar Karis","title":"President of the Republic","start":"2021-10-11","end":"2026-10-12","status":"sourced","sources":["wiki-government","err-president"]}],"headOfGovernment":[{"name":"Kristen Michal","title":"Prime Minister","start":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-prime-minister-kristen-michal"]},{"name":"Kaja Kallas","title":"Prime Minister","start":"2021-01-26","end":"2024-07-23","status":"sourced","sources":["wiki-pm"]},{"name":"Jüri Ratas","title":"Prime Minister","start":"2016-11-23","end":"2021-01-26","status":"sourced","sources":["wiki-pm"]}],"government":{"name":"Government of Kristen Michal","start":"2024-07-23","composition":"Reform Party and Eesti 200, since 25 March 2025"},"cabinet":[{"name":"Kristen Michal","portfolio":"Prime Minister","title":"Prime Minister","party":"reform","since":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-prime-minister-kristen-michal"]},{"name":"Margus Tsahkna","portfolio":"Foreign Affairs","title":"Foreign Affairs","party":"e200","since":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-foreign-affairs-margus-tsahkna"]},{"name":"Jürgen Ligi","portfolio":"Finance","title":"Finance","party":"reform","since":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-finance-jurgen-ligi"]},{"name":"Martin Herem","portfolio":"Defence","title":"Defence","party":"reform","since":"2026-09-16","status":"sourced","sources":["valitsus-minister-defence-martin-herem","err-herem"]},{"name":"Igor Taro","portfolio":"Interior","title":"Interior","party":"e200","since":"2025-03-25","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-interior-igor-taro"]},{"name":"Liisa-Ly Pakosta","portfolio":"Justice and Digital Affairs","title":"Justice and Digital Affairs","party":"e200","since":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-justice-and-digital-affairs-liisa-ly-pakosta"]},{"name":"Liina Vahtras","portfolio":"Economy and Industry","title":"Economy and Industry","party":"reform","since":"2026-09-16","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-liina-vahtras"]},{"name":"Erkki Keldo","portfolio":"Energy and the Environment","title":"Energy and the Environment","party":"reform","since":"2026-09-16","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-erkki-keldo"]},{"name":"Kuldar Leis","portfolio":"Infrastructure","title":"Infrastructure","party":"reform","since":"2025-03-25","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-infrastructure-kuldar-leis"]},{"name":"Kristina Kallas","portfolio":"Education and Research","title":"Education and Research","party":"e200","since":"2024-07-23","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-education-and-research-kristina-kallas"]},{"name":"Karmen Joller","portfolio":"Social Affairs","title":"Social Affairs","party":"reform","since":"2025-03-25","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-social-affairs-karmen-joller"]},{"name":"Heidy Purga","portfolio":"Culture","title":"Culture","party":"reform","since":"2023-04-17","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-culture-heidy-purga"]},{"name":"Hendrik Johannes Terras","portfolio":"Regional Affairs and Agriculture","title":"Regional Affairs and Agriculture","party":"e200","since":"2025-03-25","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-regional-affairs-and-agriculture-hendrik-johannes-terras"]}],"events":[{"date":"2026-10-12","text":"Ülle Madise becomes President of the Republic, succeeding Alar Karis.","status":"verified","sources":["president-ee","err-president"]},{"date":"2026-09-16","text":"Reshuffle: Martin Herem at Defence, Liina Vahtras at Economy and Industry, Erkki Keldo moves to Energy and the Environment.","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-minister-defence-martin-herem","valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-liina-vahtras","valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-erkki-keldo"]},{"date":"2026-09-02","text":"The Riigikogu elects Ülle Madise President in the first round, 71 votes to the 68 required.","status":"sourced","sources":["err-president"]},{"date":"2025-03-25","text":"The Social Democrats leave the coalition; Reform and Eesti 200 govern alone. New ministers at Interior, Social Affairs, Infrastructure and Regional Affairs.","status":"sourced","sources":["osw-2025","valitsus-minister-interior-igor-taro"]},{"date":"2025-01-01","text":"The Ministry of Justice becomes the Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs and takes over e-government.","status":"verified","sources":["justdigi-rename"]},{"date":"2024-07-23","text":"Kristen Michal's government takes office.","status":"verified","sources":["valitsus-prime-minister-kristen-michal"]}],"checked":"2026-10-12","sources":[{"id":"wiki-government","title":"Government of Estonia","publisher":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Estonia","kind":"reference","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"president-ee","title":"Vabariigi President Ülle Madise: Eesti tulevikku ehitame üheskoos","publisher":"Office of the President of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.president.ee/","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"err-president","title":"Estonia elects new president","publisher":"ERR News","url":"https://news.err.ee/1610126071/estonia-elects-new-president","kind":"media","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-prime-minister-kristen-michal","title":"Prime Minister Kristen Michal: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/prime-minister-kristen-michal","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"wiki-pm","title":"Prime Minister of Estonia","publisher":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia","kind":"reference","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-foreign-affairs-margus-tsahkna","title":"Minister of Foreign Affairs Margus Tsahkna: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-foreign-affairs-margus-tsahkna","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-finance-jurgen-ligi","title":"Minister of Finance Jürgen Ligi: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-finance-jurgen-ligi","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-defence-martin-herem","title":"Minister of Defence Martin Herem: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-defence-martin-herem","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"err-herem","title":"SDE chair: Herem defense minister nomination a Reform reputation play","publisher":"ERR News","url":"https://news.err.ee/1610131684/sde-chair-herem-defense-minister-nomination-a-reform-reputation-play","kind":"media","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-interior-igor-taro","title":"Minister of the Interior Igor Taro: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-interior-igor-taro","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-justice-and-digital-affairs-liisa-ly-pakosta","title":"Minister of Justice and Digital Affairs Liisa-Ly Pakosta: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-justice-and-digital-affairs-liisa-ly-pakosta","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-liina-vahtras","title":"Minister of Economy and Industry Liina Vahtras: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-economy-and-industry-liina-vahtras","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-economy-and-industry-erkki-keldo","title":"Minister of Energy and the Environment Erkki Keldo: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-economy-and-industry-erkki-keldo","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-infrastructure-kuldar-leis","title":"Minister of Infrastructure Kuldar Leis: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-infrastructure-kuldar-leis","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-education-and-research-kristina-kallas","title":"Minister of Education and Research Kristina Kallas: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-education-and-research-kristina-kallas","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-social-affairs-karmen-joller","title":"Minister of Social Affairs Karmen Joller: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-social-affairs-karmen-joller","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-culture-heidy-purga","title":"Minister of Culture Heidy Purga: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-culture-heidy-purga","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"valitsus-minister-regional-affairs-and-agriculture-hendrik-johannes-terras","title":"Minister of Regional Affairs and Agriculture Hendrik Johannes Terras: curriculum vitae","publisher":"Government of the Republic of Estonia","url":"https://www.valitsus.ee/en/prime-minister-ministers/minister-regional-affairs-and-agriculture-hendrik-johannes-terras","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"osw-2025","title":"Estonia: Michal's new centre-right government","publisher":"Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW)","url":"https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2025-03-26/estonia-michals-new-centre-right-government","kind":"media","checked":"2026-10-12"},{"id":"justdigi-rename","title":"Ministry of Justice is now Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs","publisher":"Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs","url":"https://www.justdigi.ee/en/news/ministry-justice-now-ministry-justice-and-digital-affairs","kind":"official","checked":"2026-10-12"}],"license":"CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (credit: Govpedia, IQGov)"}