Head of state
VerifiedElected by the Riigikogu on 2 September 2026; in office from 12 October 2026.
- Head of state
- Ülle MadisePresident of the Republic
- Head of government
- Kristen MichalPrime Minister · since 23 Jul 2024
- System
- Parliamentary republicCapital: Tallinn
- UN e-government rank
- 2 of 193EGDI 2024
Estonia is a parliamentary republic[1]. Legislative power rests with the Riigikogu, 101 members elected by the people[3]. The head of state is President of the Republic Ülle Madise[4][5]. The government is led by Prime Minister Kristen Michal, in office since 23 July 2024[6]. Govpedia records 13 members of its cabinet.
Leadership
Who leads the state
Head of government
VerifiedKristen Michal
Prime Minister · 23 Jul 2024 – present[6]
In government: Reform Party and Eesti 200, since 25 March 2025
Executive
Government of Kristen Michal
12 of 13 verified on official pages
13 members: the Prime Minister and 12 ministers. Dates are the start of each minister’s current term in this government.
Institutions
Ministries and agencies
Ministries
- Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs
Ministry · Liisa-Ly Pakosta
- Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
Ministry · Liina Vahtras
- Ministry of Climate
Ministry · Erkki Keldo
- Ministry of Finance
Ministry · Jürgen Ligi
- Ministry of Defence
Ministry · Martin Herem
- Ministry of the Interior
Ministry · Igor Taro
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry · Margus Tsahkna
- Ministry of Education and Research
Ministry · Kristina Kallas
- Ministry of Culture
Ministry · Heidy Purga
- Ministry of Social Affairs
Ministry · Karmen Joller
- Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture
Ministry · Hendrik Johannes Terras
Agencies and other bodies
- Statistics Estonia
Agency
- Data Protection Inspectorate
Regulator
- National Electoral Committee
Electoral body
- National Audit Office of Estonia
Audit office · Janar Holm
- Eesti Pank
Central bank · Ülo Kaasik
- Estonian Competition Authority
Regulator
- Health Board
Regulator
Digital government
Who runs the digital state
- Lead ministry
- Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs, since 1 January 2025[22]Verified
- Responsible minister
- Liisa-Ly Pakosta[14]Verified
- Agencies
- Information System Authority, Estonian IT Centre, State Infocommunication Foundation, Estonian Internet Foundation[22]Verified
UN E-Government Development Index[23]
2024
0.973rank 2 of 193
- Online services0.995
- Human capital0.950
- Telecom infrastructure0.973
Record of changes
Timeline
12 Oct 2026
Ülle Madise becomes President of the Republic, succeeding Alar Karis.[4][5]
Verified16 Sept 2026
Reshuffle: Martin Herem at Defence, Liina Vahtras at Economy and Industry, Erkki Keldo moves to Energy and the Environment.[11][15][16]
Verified2 Sept 2026
The Riigikogu elects Ülle Madise President in the first round, 71 votes to the 68 required.[5]
Sourced25 Mar 2025
The Social Democrats leave the coalition; Reform and Eesti 200 govern alone. New ministers at Interior, Social Affairs, Infrastructure and Regional Affairs.[8][13]
Sourced1 Jan 2025
The Ministry of Justice becomes the Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs and takes over e-government.[22]
Verified23 Jul 2024
Kristen Michal's government takes office.[6]
Verified
Evidence
Sources
- [1]Government of Estonia
WikipediaReferenceChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [2]World countries in JSON (mledoze/countries)
Mohammed Le Doze and contributors (ODbL)ReferenceChecked 1 Nov 2026
- [3]Introduction and history
RiigikoguOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [4]Vabariigi President Ülle Madise: Eesti tulevikku ehitame üheskoos
Office of the President of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [5]Estonia elects new president
ERR NewsNewsChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [6]Prime Minister Kristen Michal: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [7]Prime Minister of Estonia
WikipediaReferenceChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [8]Estonia: Michal's new centre-right government
Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW)NewsChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [9]Minister of Foreign Affairs Margus Tsahkna: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [10]Minister of Finance Jürgen Ligi: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [11]Minister of Defence Martin Herem: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [12]SDE chair: Herem defense minister nomination a Reform reputation play
ERR NewsNewsChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [13]Minister of the Interior Igor Taro: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [14]Minister of Justice and Digital Affairs Liisa-Ly Pakosta: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [15]Minister of Economy and Industry Liina Vahtras: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [16]Minister of Energy and the Environment Erkki Keldo: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [17]Minister of Infrastructure Kuldar Leis: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [18]Minister of Education and Research Kristina Kallas: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [19]Minister of Social Affairs Karmen Joller: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [20]Minister of Culture Heidy Purga: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [21]Minister of Regional Affairs and Agriculture Hendrik Johannes Terras: curriculum vitae
Government of the Republic of EstoniaOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [22]Ministry of Justice is now Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs
Ministry of Justice and Digital AffairsOfficialChecked 12 Oct 2026
- [23]UN E-Government Survey 2024: country data
United Nations DESADatasetChecked 12 Oct 2026